Black Tunisian Women: Challenging Racism and Seeking Recognition.

Introduction

Black Tunisian women are facing increased instances of racism following President Kais Saied's criticism of sub-Saharan migrants. The president's remarks, accusing migrants of attempting to change Tunisia's demographics and cultural identity, have led to a rise in violence against black African migrants. Unfortunately, these statements have also exacerbated the situation for black Tunisians themselves, who continue to face discrimination despite being an integral part of Tunisian society. In this article, we will explore the experiences and challenges faced by black Tunisian women, their struggle for recognition, and the need for societal change.

Racism and Discrimination in Tunisia

Black Tunisian women, such as activist Khawla Ksiksi, are often subjected to questioning about their Tunisian identity due to their skin color. The misconception that black Tunisians do not exist persists, despite their significant presence in the population. Official figures suggest that black Tunisians make up between 10-15% of the population, encompassing descendants of sub-Saharan African slaves and individuals whose origins trace further back.

The language barrier also plays a role in marginalizing black Tunisians. While Arabic is the official language, French is associated with privilege and education. Responding in French when spoken to in Arabic signifies exclusion and a refusal to acknowledge kinship. This treatment further reinforces the notion that black Tunisians are not considered part of the nation and are denied their rightful place as Africans.

The Lingering Effects of Colonialism

Black Tunisians face an identity crisis rooted in Tunisia's history of colonization. Despite gaining independence from France in 1956, remnants of the colonial viewpoint persist, perpetuating the belief that black Tunisians are inferior and unclean. This viewpoint has led to a lack of black representation in social and political spheres, contributing to the idea that black Tunisians do not hold equal citizenship.

The Educational Challenges

Black Tunisian women, such as Khawla Ksiksi, have faced additional obstacles in education. Prejudice and stereotypes regarding intelligence have resulted in higher expectations and the need to consistently prove their capabilities. Teachers' bias, assuming black students would cheat, further perpetuates harmful stereotypes. Despite overcoming these challenges with access to quality education, black Tunisian women often find themselves isolated and excluded due to being the only black person in the room.

Silencing Racism in Tunisian Society

The denial of racism in Tunisia is often more violent than racism itself. Tunisian society has been built on a homogenized notion of nationhood that suppresses discussions of racism. Acknowledging racism is crucial for addressing and rectifying the discrimination faced by black Tunisians. Voices like Houda Mzioudet, an academic researcher and lecturer, emphasize the importance of breaking the silence and recognizing the experiences of black Tunisians.

The Legacy of Slavery and Apartheid

While Tunisia abolished the slave trade in 1846, the legacy of slavery persists in the form of de facto domestic servitude and discrimination. Black Tunisians are often referred to as "wessif" or "servant" in Tunisian Arabic, highlighting the ongoing racial bias within society. Houda Mzioudet grew up witnessing this form of slavery and apartheid in the 1980s, which influenced her understanding of the struggle for black emancipation.

A Call for Change and Recognition

In response to President Saied's statements and the escalating discrimination, black Tunisian women have taken part in various acts of resistance. Initiatives like the "Carrying My Papers Just In Case" trend on Facebook aim to emphasize their Tunisian identity and express solidarity with migrants. Additionally, Tunisia passed a landmark law in 2018 criminalizing racial discrimination, making it the first country in the Arab region to do so. However, despite legal measures, discrimination and inequality persist due to insufficient government intervention.

Hope for a Better Future

Despite the challenges, there is hope for change. Protests in support of black African migrants and black Tunisians have taken place, demonstrating the desire for equality among the younger generation. The recognition that discrimination against black Tunisians is a human rights issue, not just a black issue, highlights the importance of collective action and solidarity in effecting meaningful change.

Conclusion

Black Tunisian women face significant challenges in their daily lives due to racism and discrimination. The denial of their experiences, the legacy of slavery, and the lingering effects of colonialism have created a complex web of prejudice that marginalizes and excludes them. It is crucial for Tunisian society to confront and address these issues to foster inclusivity, equality, and recognition for all Tunisian citizens. By challenging misconceptions, promoting dialogue, and advocating for change, the voices of black Tunisian women can pave the way for a more inclusive and just society.